Practical ways to improve home heating and cooling efficiency
Heating and cooling typically account for the largest share of home energy use. Improving efficiency lowers emissions and reduces bills. Start with straightforward, low-cost fixes, then evaluate larger upgrades if appropriate.
Immediate steps:
- Seal air leaks around windows, doors, and ducts to prevent heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer.
- Add or upgrade insulation in the attic, walls, and floors to stabilize indoor temperatures.
- Use programmable or smart thermostats to reduce heating and cooling when you’re out or asleep.
Appliance and system improvements:
- Replace old furnaces, boilers, or air conditioners with high-efficiency models. Consider ducted or ductless heat pumps for both heating and cooling where climate and installation allow.
- Service systems annually: clean/replace filters, check refrigerant levels, and inspect ducts for leaks.
- Zone your home with thermostats or dampers to avoid conditioning unused spaces.
Behavioral and passive measures:
- Use ceiling fans to allow higher thermostat settings in summer while maintaining comfort.
- Close curtains or use blinds in summer to block direct sun; open them in winter to capture solar gain.
- Dress for the season and use targeted space heating rather than heating the entire house when possible.
Cost vs impact:
- Low-cost actions like sealing and thermostats offer high returns.
- Insulation and heat pump retrofits are more costly but deliver large, long-term savings and emissions reductions.
Plan upgrades based on an energy assessment, prioritize no-regret measures, and combine efficiency improvements with cleaner energy sources for the best carbon outcome.